Characterizations of safety in hybrid inclusions via barrier functions

This paper investigates characterizations of safety in terms of barrier functions for hybrid systems modeled by hybrid inclusions. After introducing an adequate definition of safety for hybrid inclusions, sufficient conditions using continuously differentiable as well as lower semicontinuous barrier functions are proposed. Furthermore, the lack of existence of autonomous and continuous barrier functions certifying safety, guides us to propose, inspired by converse Lyapunov theorems for only stability, nonautonomous barrier functions and conditions that are shown to be both necessary as well as sufficient, provided that mild regularity conditions on the system's dynamics holds

Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of ofloxacin 0.3% versus ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of patients with culture-positive bacterial keratitis.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution with ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in patients with culture-positive bacterial keratitis. METHODS: Patients with a microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial keratitis were included in this double-masked, parallel-group study and were randomized to treatment with either ofloxacin 0.3% or ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution. One drop of the study medication was instilled during the daytime according to the following schedule: every half-hour on study day 1, every hour on days 2 through 4, and every 2 hours on days 5 through 21. Healing, the primary outcome measure, was defined as complete reepithelialization, accompanied by nonprogression of stromal infiltrate for 2 days. Secondary outcome measures included signs and symptoms of infection. Patients were monitored throughout the study period for any adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 217 patients completed the study: 112 were treated with ofloxacin and 105 were treated with ciprofloxacin. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly encountered pathogen in all patients. Complete corneal reepithelialization occurred in 85% of those treated with ofloxacin and in 77% of those treated with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.32). The average time to corneal ulcer healing was 13.7 days in those treated with ofloxacin and 14.4 days in those treated with ciprofloxacin. Both treatments were well tolerated with no patient discontinuing the study because of side effects. CONCLUSION: Ofloxacin 0.3% and ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions are effective and safe in the treatment of patients with culture-positive bacterial keratitis

Transmigration of intrauterine contraceptive devices: embedded in urinary bladder wall in pregnant woman

Globally, 14% of reproductive aged women use intrauterine contraception. The five intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) currently approved are chemically active and continually elute either copper or levonorgestrel. Uterine perforation is most serious and rare complication which can be acute or chronic in nature. Although uncommon, uterine embedment and perforation can occur. We report case of transmigration of intrauterine contraceptive device into the urinary bladder wall perforating the uterine wall in 25-year-old gravid female. She was subjected to ultrasound abdomen and pelvis which unveiled the diagnosis of migrated copper-T. Under spinal anaesthesia, laparotomy was done and IUCD was removed

Identifikasi Keberadaan Coliform dan Escherichia Coli pada Es Jeruk Kemasan (Studi di Wilayah Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang)

Need of drinking water becomes a matter that can not be separated from human life, even for primary school aged children. Microbiological quality of the snack drink based on SNI is Coliform <3/g, and have negative in Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study is to describe the microbiological quality of citrus ice instants that sold in elementary school areas by the presence of coliform and Escherichia coli. The study design of this research was cross-sectional with study types is descriptive. The number of sample is 39 samples with 39 subject study. The collect of data using laboratory results. The results showed that samples did not qualify of Coliform numbers is 84.6%, while the presence of Escherichia coli is 56.4%. So that the microbiological quality has 33 qualify samples and 6 unqualify samples. Traders in the area of primary school should pay attention to personal hygiene that can be a factor of contamination of citrus ice snacks. Increasing awareness of trader's personal hygiene practices with routine monitoring from the primary school's rules is needed

Koperasi Sekolah sebagai Basis Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Koperasi di SMA Negeri Kota Surakarta

The purpose of this research is to produce a learning model based on cooperatives school in state senior hight school of Surakarta City. This study is the development of previous research by Borg and Gall. It passed 9 stages, include: (1) research and collecting information, (2) planning, (3) development of preliminary form of the product, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision, (8) operational field testing and (9) final product revision. Validation of products involved experts, i.e. the materials experts, learning model experts and practitioners of cooperatives and economic subject teachers. The focused group discussionwas conducted by the Economics teachers who teach in tenth grade. Testing the cooperative learning model school-based cooperative was conducted on students of tenth grade in three schools, namely SMAN 6 SKA, SMAN 7SKA and SMAN 8 SKA. Results of the study are in form of: (1) The cooperative learning model which is needed in state senior high school in SurakartaCity, (2) design of school-based cooperative learning model, (3) the school-based cooperative learning model is valid, (4) the effectiveness of school-based cooperative learning model, and (5) learning model for cooperative learning development efforts in state senior high school of Surakarta.The results of this study include determining the cooperative learning model needed in state senior high school of Surakarta, producing a draft of school-based cooperative learning model, result a validschool-based cooperative learning model, determining the effectiveness of school-based learning model and resultingcooperative learning model for development efforts of cooperative learning in state senior high school of Surakarta. The use of school-based cooperative learning can improve students understanding about the cooperative and improve the students' awareness about the role of cooperatives and schoolcooperative

An Axiomatic Approach to Liveness for Differential Equations

This paper presents an approach for deductive liveness verification for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with differential dynamic logic. Numerous subtleties complicate the generalization of well-known discrete liveness verification techniques, such as loop variants, to the continuous setting. For example, ODE solutions may blow up in finite time or their progress towards the goal may converge to zero. Our approach handles these subtleties by successively refining ODE liveness properties using ODE invariance properties which have a well-understood deductive proof theory. This approach is widely applicable: we survey several liveness arguments in the literature and derive them all as special instances of our axiomatic refinement approach. We also correct several soundness errors in the surveyed arguments, which further highlights the subtlety of ODE liveness reasoning and the utility of our deductive approach. The library of common refinement steps identified through our approach enables both the sound development and justification of new ODE liveness proof rules from our axioms.Comment: FM 2019: 23rd International Symposium on Formal Methods, Porto, Portugal, October 9-11, 201

Bounds on Quantum Correlations in Bell Inequality Experiments

Bell inequality violation is one of the most widely known manifestations of entanglement in quantum mechanics; indicating that experiments on physically separated quantum mechanical systems cannot be given a local realistic description. However, despite the importance of Bell inequalities, it is not known in general how to determine whether a given entangled state will violate a Bell inequality. This is because one can choose to make many different measurements on a quantum system to test any given Bell inequality and the optimization over measurements is a high-dimensional variational problem. In order to better understand this problem we present algorithms that provide, for a given quantum state, both a lower bound and an upper bound on the maximal expectation value of a Bell operator. Both bounds apply techniques from convex optimization and the methodology for creating upper bounds allows them to be systematically improved. In many cases these bounds determine measurements that would demonstrate violation of the Bell inequality or provide a bound that rules out the possibility of a violation. Examples are given to illustrate how these algorithms can be used to conclude definitively if some quantum states violate a given Bell inequality.Comment: 13 pages, 1 table, 2 figures. Updated version as published in PR

Strategies in Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, with a dismal prognosis and extremely low percentage of survivors. Novel therapies are in dire need to improve the clinical management of these tumors and extend patient survival. Genetic therapies for GBM have been postulated and attempted for the past twenty years, with variable degrees of success in pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Here we review the most common approaches to treat GBM by gene therapy, including strategies to deliver tumor-suppressor genes, suicide genes, immunomodulatory cytokines to improve immune response, and conditionally-replicating oncolytic viruses. The review focuses on the strategies used for gene delivery, including the most common and widely used vehicles (i.e., replicating and non-replicating viruses) as well as novel therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-mediated therapy and nanotechnologies used for gene delivery. We present an overview of these strategies, their targets, different advantages, and challenges for success. Finally, we discuss the potential of gene therapy-based strategies to effectively attack such a complex genetic target as GBM, alone or in combination with conventional therapy